Volume 2, Issue 4 (2022)
jpt 2022, 2(4): 325-337 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Samadieh M. Aristotle on βούλησις (Rational Desire); an Analytic Study. jpt 2022; 2 (4) :325-337
URL: http://jpt.modares.ac.ir/article-34-65771-en.html
URL: http://jpt.modares.ac.ir/article-34-65771-en.html
Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran , samadieh@maragheh.ac.ir
Abstract: (1345 Views)
Orexis or desire in Aristotle’s point of view is divided into rational and irrational desires. Rational desire includes Boulêsis while irrational desire includes Epithumia (appetite) and Thumos (passion). The study of Aristotle’s ideas shows that rational desire is different from other types of desire from different aspects. Firstly, rational desire as compared to the appetite and passion belongs to the rational part of the soul and thus is exclusively for human being whereas appetite and passion exist in animals too. Secondly, rational desire is concerned with goals which are realized through rational deliberation and such goals are good from the point of view of the agent instead of being merely pleasant and pleasurable. Thirdly, rational desire is engaged with the identification of truth and also contrary to the appetite and passion is a future-oriented desire. Finally, the striking feature of rational desire is its being an origin for moral actions; because the issue of rational desire is a rational goal; something from which the animals are deprived.
Keywords: Aristotle, Orexis or Desire, Boulêsis or Irrational desire, Epithumia or Appetite, Thumos or Passion
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Metaphysics (Ancient)
Received: 2022/10/28 | Accepted: 2023/01/13 | Published: 2023/03/1
Received: 2022/10/28 | Accepted: 2023/01/13 | Published: 2023/03/1
References
1. Aristotle (1884). Aristotle's Eudemian Ethics. Leipzig: Teubner. [Link]
2. Aristotle (1924). Aristotle's Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Link]
3. Aristotle (1926a). Aristotle: the art of rhetoric. Freese JH, translator. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-art_rhetoric.1926]
4. Aristotle (1926b). Nicomachean Ethics. Rackham H, translator. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-nicomachean_ethics.1926]
5. Aristotle (1933). Metaphysics. Tredennick H, Armstrong GC, translators. Massachusetts: Harvard University press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-metaphysics.1933]
6. Aristotle (1935a) The athenian constitution; the eudemian ethics; on virtues and vices. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link]
7. Aristotle (1935b). Magna moralia. Tredennick H, Armstrong GC, translators. Massachusetts: Harvard University press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-magna_moralia.1935]
8. Aristotle (1937). Parts of animals. movement of animals, progression of animals. Peck AL, Forster ES, translators. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-parts_animals.1937]
9. Aristotle, (1952). Aristotle in 23 Volumes (Volume 20). Rackham H, translator. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link]
10. Aristotle (1957). On the Soul. Hett WS, translator. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-soul.1957]
11. Aristotle (1959). Politics. Rackham H, translator. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link]
12. Aristotle (1960). Posterior analytics. Tredennick H, Forster ES, translators. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.4159/DLCL.aristotle-posterior_analytics.1960]
13. Aristotle (1970). De Anima. Davoodi AM, translator. Tehran: Hikmant Press [Persian] [Link]
14. Aristotle (1985). Politics. Enayat H, translator. Tehran: Amirkabir Press. [Persian] [Link]
15. Aristotle (2006a). Nicomachean Ethics. Lotfi MH, translator. Tehran: Tarh_e_No press. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.1093/oseo/instance.00258591]
16. Aristotle (2006b). Metaphysics. Lotfi MH, translator. Tehran: Tarh_e_No Press. [Persian] [Link]
17. Bunnin N, Yu J (2004). The blackwell dictionary of western philosophy. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/b.9781405106795.2004.00001.x]
18. Callard A (2020). Aristotle on deliberation. Oxfordshire: Routledge. [Link] [DOI:10.4324/9780429266768-11]
19. Formichell, MA (2009). Aristotle's theory of prohairesis and its significance for accounts of human action and practical reasoning. Boston: Boston College. [Link]
20. Garcia PPK (2018). The relationship between reason and desires in Plato, Aristotle, and W. Mischel's "Marshmallow test" research. University of Asia and the Pacific. [Link]
21. Irwin TH (1976). Aristotle on reason, desire, and virtue. The Journal of Philosophy. 72(17):567-578. [Link] [DOI:10.2307/2025069]
22. Leighton SR (1982). A ristotle and the Emotions. Phronesis. 27(1-2):144-174. [Link] [DOI:10.1163/156852882X00104]
23. Liu W (2016). Aristotle on prohairesis. Labyrinth.18(2):50-74. [Link] [DOI:10.25180/lj.v18i2.47]
24. Mele AR (1984). Aristotle's Wish. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 22(2):139-156. [Link] [DOI:10.1353/hph.1984.0022]
25. Moss J (2012). Aristotle on the apparent good: Perception, phantasia, thought, and desire. Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656349.001.0001]
26. Nagel T (1970). The possibility of altruism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [Link]
27. Pearson G (2012). Aristotle on desire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Link] [DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139161770]
28. Salcedo DSG (2014). On passion and desire: Confronting an ambiguity in aristotle's ethics/sobre pasión y deseo: Despejando una ambigüedad de la ética aristotélica. Azafea. 16:21-37. [Link]
29. Samadieh M, Mollayousefi M (2017). Aristotle and Phronesis (practical wisdom). Ayeneh Marefat Journal. 17(4):1-24. [Persian] [Link]
30. Tuozzo TM (1994). Conceptualized and unconceptualized desire in Aristotle. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 32(4):525-549. [Link] [DOI:10.1353/hph.1994.0089]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |