اندیشه فلسفی

تبیین استعاره‌ "ذهن همچون رایانه" و نقد دلالت‌های آن در تعلیم ‌و تربیت

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده

حبیب کارکُن بیرق

گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و تربیتی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.58209/jpt.2.2.175
چکیده
در این مقاله ابتدا دلالت‌های فلسفی استعاره‌ "ذهن همچون رایانه" از سه منظر وجودشناختی، معرفت‌شناختی و انسان‌شناختی استنتاج شد. سپس به استنتاج عناصر برنامه‌ درسی از دلالت‌های فلسفی مذکور اقدام و در نهایت به نقد دلالت‌های استعاره‌ مذکور در تعلیم‌ و تربیت پرداخته شد. نظر به اینکه ما بر اساس استعاره‌ها فکر می‌کنیم، بر اساس استعاره‌ مذکور ذهن امری منفعل است و به متربّی نگاه ماشینی دارد؛ از فردیّت، تشخّص و اختیار متربّی نشانی نیست؛ ارزش‌یابی‌ مبتنی بر این رویکرد نیز بر سنجش سطوح پایین هدف‌های آموزشی و سنجش حافظه به جای یادگیری عمقی استوار است. نقدهایی که مطرح شده نشان می‌دهد که چنین نگرشی به انسان از منظر فلسفی و به‌ ویژه از منظر تربیتی پذیرفتنی نیست. استعاره‌ فوق‌الذکر تنها بر اساس قرایت ضعیف از کارکردگرایی می‌تواند در تبیین کارکرد ذهن یا مغز مفید باشد و دلالتی بیش از این ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

استعاره‌
ذهن
مغز
رایانه
تعلیم‌ و تربیت
کارکردگرایی
موضوعات
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اندیشه فلسفی
دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 6
بهار 1401
بهار 1401
صفحه 175-190

  • تاریخ دریافت 11 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش 20 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ انتشار 30 اردیبهشت 1401