اسطوره، هستی‌شناسی اجتماعی و مساله التفات

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

گروه فلسفه و منطق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده
اگر اسطوره را در رویکردهای متنوع اسطوره‌شناسی مد نظر قرار دهیم، خواهیم دید که اسطوره اولاً واجد کارکردی در فرهنگ، جامعه، ذهن یا روان انسان یا انسان‌ها است؛ ثانیاً واجد جنبه‌ای جمعی است؛ ثالثاً با وضعیت ناخودآگاه یا پیشاآگاهی مرتبط است و رابعاً جنبه‌ای تجویزی دارد. این مشخصات موجب می‌گردد که هستی‌شناسی اجتماعی بستر مناسبی برای تحلیل اسطوره باشد. با تکیه بر آرای امثال سرل و تائوملا، اسطوره با این توصیف می‌تواند حقیقتی نهادی لحاظ شود. با این همه، رویکرد غالب در هستی‌شناسی اجتماعی در فلسفه تحلیلی متاخر همه حقایق نهادی را محصول حیث التفاتی فردی یا جمعی می‌داند. استدلال خواهم کرد که ویژگی ارتباط اسطوره با ناخودآگاه، همه شاخه‌های رویکرد غالب هستی‌شناسی اجتماعی را به چالش می‌کشد و ناکامی آنها را در تحلیل اسطوره به مثابه حقیقتی نهادی نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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دوره 4، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16
پاییز 1403
پاییز 1403
صفحه 333-350

  • تاریخ دریافت 03 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 دی 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 09 دی 1403