A Study of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s View on the Distinction Between Existence and Essence

Document Type : Original Research

Author

Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,

Abstract
The principle of the distinction between existence and essence is often presented as the distinguishing feature of the philosophy of Farabi and Avicenna compared to Aristotelian philosophy. However, the interpretation of this principle has become a point of contention among commentators and researchers. Some believe that existence and essence have a real and metaphysical distinction, while others consider their distinction to be merely a product of mental abstraction and analysis. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, in his response to Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's objections, asserts that the attribution of existence to essence is solely a result of mental analysis. A careful examination of Tusi's statements in the Fourth Namat of Isharat wa Tanbihat reveals that his words in various contexts seem to imply an external distinction between existence and essence, and perhaps even the separation and precedence of essence over existence. However, potential solutions can be proposed to reconcile the various claims and statements made by Tusi

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Volume 6, Issue 2
Spring 2026
Pages 1001-1023

  • Receive Date 10 January 2026
  • Revise Date 23 May 2026
  • Accept Date 12 July 2026
  • Publish Date 21 April 2026