The Relationship between Moral Overridingness and Ethical Egoism in Nietzsche’s Moral Philosophy

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

Abstract
Despite the implicit contradiction between “moral overridingness” and “egoism” in moral philosophy, these two concepts are fundamentally connected in Nietzsche’s ethics. Relying on the notions of the “will to power” and the “Übermensch,” Nietzsche emphasizes morality as grounded in individuality and liberation from traditional constraints. In this context, egoism is closely linked to the will to power, which serves as a means for attaining the Übermensch—an individual capable of creating new values and achieving moral overridingness. Such moral overridingness empowers one to transcend prevailing social values. Given the reciprocal relationship between the will to power and the Übermensch, Nietzsche’s thought presents the possibility of analyzing the connection between egoism and moral overridingness not as oppositional, but as two constructive forces that advance individual freedom and emancipation from social constraints within moral philosophy.

Keywords

Subjects

- Abolhasani Niarki F (2024). Altruism based on self-love in Aristotle's theory of friendship "philia" (in Nicomachean Ethics). Philosophical Meditations. 13(31):377-405. [Persian]
- Bentham J (1781). An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. Kitchener: Batoche Books.
- Cartwright DE (2008). Compassion and solidarity with sufferers: The metaphysics of mitleid. European Journal of Philosophy. 16(2):292-310.
- Etemadi Fard A, Hosseini M (2016). Plato’s Socrates: The relationship between self-knowledge and genuine life and death. Ethical Research. 6(1):5-23. [Persian]
- Foot P (1999). Nietzsche: The revaluation of all values. In: Richardson J, Leiter B. Nietzsche. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Gregor M (1997). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Guay R (2002). Nietzsche on freedom. European Journal of Philosophy. 10(3):302-327.
- Hobbes T (1994). Leviathan. In: Curley E, editor. Leviathan, with selected variants from the Latin edition of 1668. Indianapolis: Hackett.
- Irwin TH (2003). Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics (367-323 BC). In: Gracia JJE, Reichberg GM, Schumacher BN. The classics of western philosophy: A reader's guide. Hoboken: WileyBlackwell. p. 56.
- LaFollette H (2013). The international encyclopedia of ethics (Volume 7). Hoboken: WileyBlackwell.
- Lanier AR (2024). Friedrich Nietzsche. Stanford: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/
- Leiter B (2024). Nietzsche’s moral and political philosophy. Stanford: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Mahboobi Arani H (2019). The aesthetics of lyric poetry in Nietzsche’s the birth of tragedy. KIMIYA-YE-HONAR. 7(28):7-21. [Persian]
- Mill JS (2002). The basic writings of John Stuart Mill: On liberty, the subjection of women & utilitarianism. New York: Modern Library.
- Nietzsche F (1886). Beyond good and evil. Hollingdale RJ, translator. New York: Vintage.
- Nietzsche F (1968). The will to power. Kaufmann W, Hollingdale RJ, translators. New York: Random House.
- Nietzsche F (1978). Thus spoke Zarathustra. Kaufmann W, translator. In: The portable Nietzsche. London: Penguin Books. p. 429-436.
- Nietzsche F (1995). Human all too human I & Human all too human II (Volume 3). Handwerk G, translator. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.
- Nietzsche F (2013). Human all too human I & Human all too human II (Volume 4). Handwerk G, translator. Redwood City: Stanford University Press.
- Nietzsche F (2013). On the genealogy of morals. Samuel HB, translator. Redhill: Naxos Audio Books. p. 12.
- Rand A (1964). The virtue of selfishness. Kolkata: Signet.
- Ree P (2003). Basic writings. Small R, translator. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
-Reginster B (2006). The affirmation of life: Nietzsche on overcoming nihilism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Shaver R (2023). "Egoism". Stanford: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Westacott E (2019). Nietzsche’s concept of the will to power. New York: Thought Co.
- Wicks R (2001). Nietzsche's ethics and his war on 'morality'. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 39(3):450-451.
Volume 5, Issue 4 - Serial Number 20
Fall 2025
Autumn 2025
Pages 449-462

  • Receive Date 26 May 2025
  • Accept Date 14 October 2025
  • Publish Date 11 October 2025